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==Campbell & Grondona== Campbell & Grondona (2012:116-130) list the following 395 languages of South America as unclassified. Most are extinct.〔Campbell, Lyle, and Verónica Grondona (eds). 2012. ''The indigenous languages of South America: a comprehensive guide''. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.〕 Many were drawn from Loukotka (1968)〔Loukotka, Čestmír. 1968. ''Classification of South American Indian Languages'' Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, UCLA.〕 and Adelaar & Muysken (2004).〔Adelaar, Willem F.H., and Pieter C. Muysken. 2004. ''The Languages of the Andes''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.〕 The majority are not listed in ''Ethnologue''. The list is arranged in alphabetical order. *Aarufi – Colombia *Aburuñe – Bolivia *Acarapi – Brazil *Aconipa (Tabancal, Tabancara) – Ecuador; only 5 words known *Aguano (Awano, Ahuano, Uguano, Aguanu, Santa Crucino) – Peru *Alarua – Brazil *Alon – Peru *Amasifuin – Peru *Amikoana (Amikuân) – Brazil *Amoeca – Brazil *Amuimo – Brazil *Anetine – Bolivia *Angara – Peru *Anicun – Brazil *Anserma (including Caramanta, Cartama) – Colombia *Aparea – Argentina *Apitupá – Brazil *Apiyipán – Bolivia *Aracadaini – Brazil *Arae – Brazil *Aramayu – Brazil *Aramurú – Brazil *Arapoá – Brazil *Arara do Beiradão (Arara do Rio Branco, Arara do Aripuanã) – Brazil *Ararau – Brazil * – Peru, Colombia (purported language isolate called "Arda" has no relation, but was a misidentified vocabulary of the West African language Popo (Gen) ) *Arma-Pozo – Colombia (cf. Arma) *Aroásene – Brazil *Artane – Bolivia *Atavila – Peru *Aticum (Araticum) – Brazil *Atunceta – Colombia *Aueiko – Brazil *Avis – Brazil *Axata Darpa – Paraguay *Ayacore – Peru *Bagua – Peru; only 3 words known *Baixóta – Brazil *Bakurönchichi – Brazil *Bauá – Brazil *Bikutiakap – Brazil *Bixarenren – Brazil *Boimé (Poyme) – Brazil *Bolona – Ecuador *Bracamoro (Papamuru) – Peru *Buritiguara – Brazil *Caapina – Brazil *Cachipuna – Peru *Cafuana – Brazil *Cagua – Colombia *Caguan (Kaguan) – Argentina *Cahan – Brazil *Cajamarca – Peru *Cajatambo – Peru *Camana (Maje) – Peru *Camaraxo – Brazil *Camaré – Brazil *Campaces – Ecuador; possibly Barbacoan, with Tsafiki, but unconfirmed *Canelo – Ecuador *Cañacure – Bolivia *Capueni – Brazil *Capua – Brazil *Cara (Scyri, Caranqui, Otavalo) – Ecuador; possibly Barbacoan *Carabayo (Yuri, "Amazonas Macusa") *Caraguata – Brazil *Carapacho – Peru *Carára – Brazil *Carari – Brazil *Cararú (Cajurú) – Brazil *Caripó (Curupeche) – Brazil *Cascoasoa – Peru *Casigara – Brazil *Casota – Argentina *Cauacaua (Kawakawa) – Brazil *Cauauri – Brazil *Caucahue – southern Chile *Cauni – Brazil *Caupuna – Brazil *Cavana (Maje) – Peru *Caxago – Brazil *Cayú – Brazil *Ceococe – Brazil *Chachapoya (Chacha) – Peru *Chancay – Brazil *Chechehet ("Pampa") – Argentina *Chedua – Peru *Chicha – Bolivia *Chincha – Peru *Chinchipe – Peru *Chipiajes – Colombia *Chitarero – Colombia *Cholto – Peru *Chongo – Peru *Chono – Ecuador *Chumbivilca – Peru; possibly a variety of Puquina; might be Aymaran *Chunanawa – Peru *Churima – Bolivia *Chusco – Peru *Ciaman – Colombia *Cognomona – Peru *Colima – Ecuador; possibly Cariban *Comanahua – Peru *Comaní – Brazil *Comechingón – near Córdoba, Argentina; possibly Huarpean *Copallén (Copallín) – Peru; only 4 words known *Coritananhó – Brazil *Coxima (Koxima) – Colombia *Culaycha – Argentina *Cumayari – Brazil *Cumbazá (Belsano) – Peru *Curanave – Brazil *Curi – Brazil *Curiane – northeastern South America; precise location unknown *Curierano – Brazil *Curizeta – Peru *Curubianan – Brazil *Curumiá – Brazil *Curumro (Kurumro) – Paraguay *Curuzirari – Brazil *Cutaguá – Brazil *Cutría – Brazil *Cuximiraíba – Brazil *Cuxiuára – Brazil *Damanivá – Brazil *Dawainomol – Paraguay *Demacuri – Brazil *Diaguita (Cacan, Kakán) – northwest Argentina; subdivisions are Calchaquí, Capayán, Catamarcano, Hualfín, Paccioca (), Pular, Quilme, Yacampis *Divihet – Argentina *Dokoro – Brazil *Duri – Brazil *Egualo – Argentina *Eimi – Peru *Emischata – Argentina *Envuelo – Colombia *Erema – Brazil *Ewarhuyana – Brazil; possibly 12 speakers in Pará State *Foklása – Brazil *Gadio – Brazil *Galache – Brazil *Gambéla – Brazil *Gorgotoqui – Bolivia *Goyana – Brazil *Guaca (and Nori) – Colombia *Guacará – Argentina *Guadaxo – Brazil *Guaimute – Brazil *Guajarapo (Guasaroca) – Bolivia *Guanaca – Colombia; possibly a relative of Guambiano (Barbacoan) *Guane – Colombia; possibly Chibchan *Guanarú – Brazil *Guanavena – Brazil *Guarino – Brazil *Guenta – Colombia *Guyarabe – Brazil *Hacaritama – Colombia *Harritiahan – Brazil *Hiauahim (Javaim) – Brazil *Himarimã – Brazil; uncontacted group *Huacavilca – Ecuador; extinct *Huambuco – Peru; might be a misspelling of Huánuco *Huayana – Peru *Huayla – Peru *Humahuaca (Omaguaca) – Argentina; apparent subdivisions are Fiscara, Jujuy, Ocloya, Osa, Purmamarca, Tiliar; Mason (1950:302) proposed an "Ataguitan" grouping that includes Humahuaca, Diaguita, and Atacameño *Iapama – Brazil *Ibabi Aniji – Peru *Idabaez – Colombia; only 1 word and a chief's name are known *Imaré – Brazil *Ina – Brazil *Iñajurupé – Brazil *Irra – Colombia *Iruri – Brazil *Isolados do Massaco (?) – Brazil *Isolados do Tanarú (?) – Brazil *Itipuna – Brazil *Itucá (Cuacá) – Brazil *Jacariá – Brazil *Jaguanai – Brazil *Jaguanan – Brazil *Jamundi – Colombia; may be Yurimangui, but no data *Jeticó (Jiripancó) – Brazil *Jitirijiti – Colombia; may be Chocó, but no data *Jurema – Brazil *Juruena – Brazil *Jururu – Brazil *Kaimbé (Caimbé, Caimbe) – Brazil; extinct *Kamba (Camba) – Brazil; possibly Tupian, extinct *Kambiwá (Cambiuá, Cambioá) – Brazil; extinct *Kantaruré – Brazil *Kapinawá – Brazil; extinct *Karahawyana – Brazil; possibly Cariban *Katembri (Kariri de Mirandela) – Brazil *Kiapüre (Quiapyre) – Brazil *Kohoroxitari – possibly Tocanoan; may be the same as Baniwa *Kokakôre – Brazil *Komokare – Brazil *Korubo (Caceteiros) – Brazil; possibly Panoan; may be the same as Marúbo, or related to Yanomámi () *Koshurái – Brazil *Kururu – Brazil *Lache – Colombia; may be Chibchan, but no data *Lambi – Brazil *Lili – Colombia; may be Yurimangui, but no data *Llamish – Peru *Macamasu – Brazil *Macarú – Brazil *Macuani – Brazil *Macuaré – Brazil *Macuja – Brazil *Macuruné – Brazil *Mairajiqui – Brazil *Malaba – Ecuador; may be Barbacoa (Chibchan), but no data *Malibú – Colombia; possibly Chibchan *Malquesi – Paraguay *Manesono (Mopeseano) – Bolivia *Manta – Ecuador; possibly Chimú, but only a few patronyms are known *Maracano – Brazil *Marapaña – Brazil *Maricoxi – Brazil *Maricupi – Brazil *Maripá – Brazil *Maruquevene – Brazil *Masa – Argentina *Masarari – Brazil *Masaya – Colombia *Mashco – Peru; uncontacted, possibly related to Piro (Arawakan), or "Preandine" (Arawakan) *Matará – Argentina *Maynas (Mayna, Maina, Rimachu) – Peru; past attempts to link it to Jivaroan, Cahuapanan, Zaparoan, and Candoshi *Maxiena (Ticomeri) – Bolivia *Mayu – Brazil; possibly the same as Mayo (Panoan) or Morike (Arawakan); ''mayu'' is the Quechuan word for 'river, water' *Menejou – Brazil *Minhahá – Brazil *Miarrã – Brazil *Mocana – Brazil; may be related to Malibú, but only 2 words known *Moheyana – Brazil *Morcote – Colombia; may be Chibchan, but no data *Moriquito – Brazil *Morua – Brazil *Moyobamba (Moyo-Pampa) – Peru *Muriva – Brazil *Muzapa – Peru *Muzo – Colombia; may be Pijao (Cariban), but only 3 words known *Natagaimas – Colombia; extinct *Nacai – Brazil *Nambu – Bolivia *Nauna – Brazil *Nindaso – Peru *Nocadeth – Brazil *Nomona – Peru *Ñumasiara – Brazil *Ocra – Peru *Ocren – Brazil *Ohoma – Argentina; may be the same as Hohoma or Mahoma *Oivaneca – Brazil *Olmos – Peru; possibly connected with Sechura *Onicoré – Brazil *Onoyóro – Brazil *Orí – Brazil *Ortue – Bolivia *Otecua – Peru *Otegua – Colombia *Otí (Eochavante, Chavante) – Brazil; Greenberg classifies it as Macro-Gé, though this is unlikely according to Ribeiro (2006:422) *Pacabuey – Colombia; may be Malibú (Chibchan), but no data *Pacarará (Pakarara) – Brazil *Pacimonari – Venezuela *Paguara – Brazil *Panatagua (Pantahua) – Peru; extinct, possibly Arawakan *Panche – Colombia; possibly Cariban *Pankararé (Pankaré) – Bahía, Brazil; extinct *Pantágora (Palenque) – Colombia *Pao – Venezuela *Papamiän – Brazil *Papana – Brazil *Papavô – Brazil; uncontacted, may be Arawakan or Panoan (?) *Paragoaru – Brazil? *Paraparixana – Brazil *Parapicó – Brazil *Patagón – Peru; possibly Cariban *Patiti – Brazil *Payacú – Brazil *Payanso – Peru *Pehuenche (Peguenche) – Argentina *Peria (Poria) – Brazil *Perovosan – Bolivia *Piapia – Brazil *Pijao (Piajao, Pixao, Pinao) – Colombia *Pipipan – Brazil *Pocoana – Brazil *Porcá – Brazil *Porú (Procáze) – Brazil *Pubenza () – Colombia *Puná (Puná Island) – Ecuador *Puquina – Peru, Bolivia, Chile *Quelosi – Argentina *Querandí (Carendie) – Argentina, near Buenos Aires; may be related to Gününa Küne *Quiquidcana (Quidquidcana, Kikidkana) – Peru *Quijo (Kijo) – Ecuador; may be Barbácoa (Chibchan), but only 3 words are known *Quillacinga (Quillasinga) – Ecuador; may be Sebondoy (Chibchan); Fabre (1998:676) reports that the Kamsa (speakers of a language isolate) are descended, at least in part, from the Quillasinga *Quimbaya – Colombia; may be Chocó, but only 1 word is known *Quimbioá – Brazil *Quindío (Quindio) – Colombia *Quingnam – Peru; extinct, possibly the same as Lengua (Yunga) Pescadora of colonial sources; according to Quilter et al. (2010), a list of numbers was recently found *Qurigmã – Brazil *Rabona – Ecuador; possibly Candoshi (Murato), but there are similarities with Aguaruna (Jivaroan) *Roramí (Oramí) – Brazil *Sácata (Sacata, Zácata, Chillao) – Peru; extinct; may be Candoshi or Arawakan, but only 3 words known *Sacosi – Bolivia *Sacracrinha (Sequaquirihen) – Brazil *Sanavirón – Argentina, near Córdova. Loukotka classified it as an isolate, but there is insufficient data to justify this. *Sapeiné – Peru *Seden – Brazil *Siberi – Bolivia *Sintó (Assek, Upsuksinta) – Paraguay *Sinú (Zenú) – Colombia; may be Chocó, but no data *Sipisipi – Peru *Socorino – Bolivia *Stanatevogyet – Paraguay *Supuselo – Argentina *Surucosi – Bolivia *Suruim – Brazil *Tacunbiacu – Bolivia *Taguaylen – Argentina *Tacarúba (Tacarua) – Brazil *Taluhet – Argentina *Tamacosi – Bolivia *Tamaní – Colombia *Tamaquéu – Brazil *Tamararé – Brazil *Tambaruré – Brazil *Taminani – Brazil *Tanquihua – Peru *Tapacurá – Brazil *Tapeba – Brazil *Tapuisú – Brazil *Tarairiú (Tarairiu, Ochucuyana) – Brazil *Tarimoxi – Brazil *Taripio – Brazil, Suriname *Tavúri – Brazil *Tchagoyána – Brazil *Tchicoyna – Brazil *Tegua – Colombia *Tepqui – Peru *Tevircacap – Brazil *Tiboi – Bolivia *Timaná – Colombia; may be Andaquí (Chibchan) *Tingán – Peru *Tingui-Boto – Brazil; extinct; also known as Tingui, Tingui-Botó, Carapató, Karapató *Tobachana – Brazil *Tohazana – Venezuela *Tomata – Bolivia *Tomina – Bolivia *Tonocoté – Argentina, Chaco region *Tororí – Brazil *Truká – Brazil *Tremembé (Teremembé, Taramembé) – Brazil *Tubichaminí *Tucumanduba – Brazil *Tulumayo – Peru *Tupijó – Brazil *Tupiokón – Brazil *Tutura – Bolivia *Uairua – Brazil *Uauarate – Brazil *Uranaju – Brazil *Urucuai – Brazil *Uruma – Brazil *Uru-Pa-In – Brazil *Urupuca – Brazil *Ururi – Brazil, Mato Grosso *Vanherei – Brazil *Vouve – Brazil *Waitaká (Guaitacá, Goyatacá, Goytacaz) – Brazil; subdivisions: Mopi, Yacorito, Wasu, Miri *Wakoná (Wacona, Acona) – Brazil *Walêcoxô – Brazil *Wasu (Waçu, Wassu) – Brazil *Wau – Peru *Xaquese – Bolivia *Xaray – Bolivia *Xibata – Brazil *Xipará – Brazil *Xiroa – Ecuador; mentioned in early sources, and may be a variant spelling of Jívaro *Xokó – Brazil; only 4 words are known; also known as Chocó, Shoco, Shokó, Chocaz *Yalcón – Colombia; may be Andaquí (Chibchan), but no data *Yamesí – Colombia; may be Andaquí (Chibchan), but no data *Yampará – Bolivia *Yaperú (Naperú, Apirú) – Paraguay *Yarí – Colombia; may be a Carijona (Cariban dialect), West Tucanoan, or Huitoto() *Yariguí (Yarigüí) – Colombia; may be Opone (Karaib), but no data (Yarigui people) *Yauei – Brazil *Yenmu – Colombia *Yoemanai – Brazil *Yufiua – Brazil *Yumbo – Ecuador; may be Barbácoa (Chibchan), but no data *Zapazo – Peru *Zuana – Brazil *Yurimagua (Zurimagua, Jurimagua) – Peru *Zurina – Brazil 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of unclassified languages of South America」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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